ISSN print edition: 0366-6352 ISSN electronic edition: 1336-9075 Registr. No.: MK SR 9/7 Published monthly

Determination of anti-oxidant capacity and content of phenols, phenolic acids, and flavonols in Indian and European gooseberry

Anna Filipiak-Szok, Marzanna Kurzawa, and Edward Szłyk

Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Gagarin 7 st., 87-100 Toruń, Poland

E-mail: jmk@umk.pl

Abstract: Phenolic acids and derivatives of quercetin in Indian (amla) and European gooseberry were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detector. The calibration curves were constructed using phenolic compounds standards (the coefficient of determination (R ²) was 0.9990–0.9997 for phenolic acids and 0.9989–0.9994 for flavonols, respectively). The lowest detection limit was 0.28 mg L⁻¹ and 0.35 mg L⁻¹ for hyperoside and gallic acid, respectively, whereas the highest was 1.80 mg L⁻¹ and 7.98 mg L⁻¹ for quercetin and chlorogenic acid, respectively. The quantification limits calculated were 0.85–24.04 mg L⁻¹ for hyperoside and chlorogenic acid, respectively. The predominant phenolic acid in amla and gooseberry is gallic acid: (5.37 ± 0.04) mg per 100 g of dry mass (d.m.) and (3.21 ± 0.03) mg per 100 g of d.m., respectively. The next one was caffeic acid, 0.65–1.22 mg per 100 g of d.m., followed by p-coumaric acid, 0.84–1.17 mg per 100 g of d.m. Out of the flavonols, rutin is predominant: (3.11 ± 0.13) mg per 100 g of d.m. and (2.12 ± 0.03) mg per 100 g of d.m., respectively. Anti-oxidant activity was also determined.

Keywords: amla – gooseberry – HPLC-PDA – flavonols – phenolic acids

Full paper is available at www.springerlink.com.

DOI: 10.2478/s11696-012-0151-5

Chemical Papers 66 (4) 259–268 (2012)