ISSN print edition: 0366-6352 ISSN electronic edition: 1336-9075 Registr. No.: MK SR 9/7 Published monthly

Crystallographic analysis of biphasic hydroxyapatite synthesized by different methods: an appraisal between new and existing models

Md. Sahadat Hossain, Monika Mahmud, Mashrafi Bin Mobarak, and Samina Ahmed

Glass Research Division, Institute of Glass and Ceramic Research and Testing, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka, Bangladesh

E-mail: shanta_samina@yahoo.com

Received: 22 July 2021  Accepted: 23 October 2021

Abstract:

This paper reports a detail crystallographic investigation of a well-known biphasic biomaterial containing hydroxyapatite (HAp) and β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP). This biphasic calcium phosphate bioceramic (BCP) was synthesized by three typical methods: (i) solid-state method (where CaCO₃ and (NH4)₂HPO₄ was the source of Ca and P, respectively); (ii) wet chemical method (where the reactants were Ca(OH)₂ and H₃PO₄); and (iii) direct incineration of bovine bones. Furthermore, the adopted fourth method to synthesize the biphasic biomaterial was UV irradiation instead of high temperature calcination. In each case the synthetic biphasic biomaterial was characterized by employing X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) techniques. Various crystallographic parameters such as crystallite size, dislocation density, microstrain, crystallinity index (from XRD and FT-IR), HAp percentage, β-TCP percentage, the volume fraction of β-TCP, and degree of crystallinity were estimated by conventional approaches for the broader applicability of this biphasic biomaterial. Two new models for measuring microstrain and one new method (XRD-sin²Ѱ technique) for calculating residual stress (also known as intrinsic stress) were developed to estimate the crystallographic parameter more accurately. A linear relationship was illustrated among the value of conventional methods and newly developed techniques without significant difference (R² = more than 0.9) among the values of four types of HAp.

Graphical abstract

Keywords: X-ray diffraction; Natural bone; Crystallite size; Residual stress; UV radiation

Full paper is available at www.springerlink.com.

DOI: 10.1007/s11696-021-01949-5

Chemical Papers 76 (3) 1593–1605 (2022)