ISSN print edition: 0366-6352 ISSN electronic edition: 1336-9075 Registr. No.: MK SR 9/7 Published monthly

Single and combined hydrodistillation techniques of microwave and ultrasound for extracting bio-functional hydrosols from Iranian Eryngium caucasicum Trautv

Hasan Kakoei, Amir Mohammad Mortazavian, Vahid Mofid, Seyed Mohammad Taghi Gharibzahedi, and Hedayat Hosseini

Department of Food Sciences & Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

E-mail: mortazvn@sbmu.ac.ir

Received: 27 April 2022  Accepted: 5 September 2022

Abstract:

This study aimed to develop a nutritious yogurt drink with the best hydrosol (HS) extracted from Eryngium caucasicum Trautv based on bioactive compounds and bio-functional properties. Four extraction methods, namely conventional hydrodistillation (CHD, 85 °C for 4 h), microwave-assisted (MAHD, 350 W for 10 min), ultrasound-assisted (UAHD, 24 kHz, 225 W for 30 min), and ultrasound microwave-assisted (UMAHD) hydrodistillation after the single-factor optimization, were employed to obtain HSs from E. caucasicum Trautv (solid/water of 1:10) with the highest yield and antioxidant activity. Results showed that the most dominant bioactive compounds in HSs extracted by CHD and UAHD, respectively, were pulegone and carvone, while cis-dihydrocarvone was the major constituent of HSs extracted by MAHD and UMAHD. The GC–MS analysis showed that the oxygenated monoterpenes were the most abundant components in E. caucasicum Trautv HS (32.34–79.49%). The extracted HS from UAHD compared to other techniques significantly had more yield (84.46%), DPPH˙ scavenging activity (83.04%), Fe³⁺ reducing power (0.473 at Å_{700 nm}), and total phenolic (TPC, 10.34 mg GAE/g), flavonoid (TFC, 1008.21 mg CE/100 mL), carotenoid (TCaC, 511.21 mg/kg), and chlorophyll (TChC, 152.39 mg/kg) contents (p < 0.05). No significant difference in the yield (73.75–76.39%), DPPH˙ scavenging activity (72.98–74.23%), and TChC (86.84–93.22 mg/kg) was found between two bioactive extracts of MAHD and UMAHD. The extract obtained from CHD had the lowest quantitative and qualitative values (p < 0.01). The UAHD-HSs exhibited the strongest antimicrobial (i.e., Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica subsp. Enterica) and antitumor (i.e., hepatoma (HepG2) and lung (A549) cancer cell lines) activities. The dairy product incorporated with UAHD-HS as a functional food showed the best panelists' sensory scores for consumers' preferences.

Keywords: Eryngium caucasicum; Extraction process; Volatile compounds; Antioxidant; Bioactivity; Organoleptic characteristics

Full paper is available at www.springerlink.com.

DOI: 10.1007/s11696-022-02474-9

Chemical Papers 77 (1) 533–547 (2023)