ISSN print edition: 0366-6352 ISSN electronic edition: 1336-9075 Registr. No.: MK SR 9/7 Published monthly

Response surface methodology for removal of copper (II) ions from aqueous solutions by DMSA@SiO₂@Fe₃O₄ nanocomposite

Dinesh Kumar, Harpreet Singh, Atul Jain, Vamika Sharma, Neha Bhardwaj, Sanjeev Puri, and Madhu Khatri

Department of Biotechnology, University Institute of Engineering Technology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India

E-mail: madhuk@pu.ac.in

Received: 15 August 2022  Accepted: 10 November 2022

Abstract:

Cu (II) pollution has become a serious environmental issue in recent years due to the increasing discharge of wastewater containing copper. Consequently, it is necessary to treat copper-containing wastewater before it is discharged into the environment. Among the various methods of removing copper ions (Cu²⁺) from aqueous solutions, adsorption is considered to be one of the most efficient, economical and low-cost methods. In the present work, magnetic nanoparticles (Fe₃O₄ NPs) functionalized with silica (SiO₂) and 2, 3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) were synthesized using a facile coprecipitation method. The prepared DMSA@SiO₂@Fe₃O₄ nanocomposite was evaluated as a magnetic adsorbent in the removal of Cu²⁺ from aqueous solutions. The nanocomposite exhibited fine colloidal stability, increased dispersibility and better magnetization as confirmed by zeta potential, dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). Using Design-Expert software, a statistical technique Box–Behnken design (BBD) and response surface methodology was employed to investigate Cu²⁺ removal using three adsorption parameters: pH, contact time and Cu²⁺ concentration. The maximum copper removal was found to be 97.1% under the optimal conditions at pH 7, contact time of 109 min and Cu²⁺ concentration of 163 ppm. Moreover, the adsorption process followed pseudo-first-order kinetics and was well fitted by Langmuir isotherm. Accordingly, this design procedure for making magnetic nanoadsorbents can be applied to a variety of environmental applications.

Graphical Abstract

Keywords: Adsorption; Copper ions; Magnetite nanoparticles; Box–Behnken design; Response surface methodology

Full paper is available at www.springerlink.com.

DOI: 10.1007/s11696-022-02588-0

Chemical Papers 77 (4) 1907–1920 (2023)