ISSN print edition: 0366-6352 ISSN electronic edition: 1336-9075 Registr. No.: MK SR 9/7 Published monthly

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Eupatorium adenophorum leaf extract: characterizations, antioxidant, antibacterial and photocatalytic activities

Tarun Kumar Dua, Simran Giri, Gouranga Nandi, Ranabir Sahu, Tapan Kumar Shaw, and Paramita Paul

Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling, India

E-mail: paramita37@gmail.com

Received: 26 September 2022  Accepted: 13 January 2023

Abstract:

The green synthesis of metallic nanoparticles has tremendous impacts in various fields as found in recent years due to their low cost, easy and environmentally friendly synthesis. In this article, we report a simple and eco-friendly method for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using an aqueous Eupatorium adenophorum (E. adenophorum) leaf extract as a bioreductant. Interestingly, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analysis established that the E. adenophorum extract not only served as a bioreductant but also acted as a capping agent to stabilize the nanoparticles by functionalizing the surfaces. Various characterization techniques were adopted, such as X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), FTIR, ultraviolet–visible absorption (UV–Vis) spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) to analyze the biosynthesized AgNPs. Biosynthesized nanoparticles were also explored for antioxidant, antibacterial and photocatalytic activities. The AgNPs showed improved free radical scavenging activity (IC₅₀ 48.96 ± 0.84 µg/mL) and bacterial inhibitory effects against both gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus; 64.5 µg/mL) and gram-negative (Escherichia coli; 82.5 µg/mL) bacteria. Photocatalytic investigation showed AgNPs were effective at degrading rhodamine dye (78.69% in 90 min) when exposed to sunlight. These findings collectively suggest that E. adenophorum AgNPs were successfully prepared without the involvement of any hazardous chemical and it may be an effective antibacterial, antioxidant and promising agent for the removal of hazardous dye from waste water produced by industrial dyeing processes.

Keywords: Eupatorium adenophorum; Green synthesis; Silver nanoparticles; Antioxidant activity; Photocatalytic activity

Full paper is available at www.springerlink.com.

DOI: 10.1007/s11696-023-02676-9

Chemical Papers 77 (6) 2947–2956 (2023)