ISSN print edition: 0366-6352 ISSN electronic edition: 1336-9075 Registr. No.: MK SR 9/7 Published monthly

Performances of NiFe₂O₄/TiO₂ spinal photocatalyst prepared by planetary ball mill method for degradation of dye

Julie Minoo Pardiwala, Mitul Prajapati, and Manan Shah

Department of Chemical Engineering, S. S Agrawal Institute of Engineering & Technology, Navsari, India

E-mail: manan.shah@spt.pdpu.ac.in

Received: 5 April 2023  Accepted: 7 February 2024

Abstract:

In this work, we report a composite of NiFe₂O₄ with NiFe₂O₄/TiO₂ prepared by a planetary ball mill for the reactive grinding method, where operating parameters of (sunwheel 200 rpm and jar 350 rpm) for 11 h were optimized. XRD, particle size by zeta sizer, VSM, UV-NIR spectrometer show that the catalyst has been successfully prepared, having improved photocatalytic performances. Moreover, the RB21 dye degradation with 240-min reaction time for COD and color removal with an optimized parameter of (catalyst dosage 0.8 g, pH7, the concentration of dye 50 mg/L, UV light source, room temperature, 500 mL sample) results prove the performance activity is challenging. Furthermore, the possible photocatalytic mechanism is briefly explained under UV light and natural sunlight from the band-gap analysis of electrons and sand holes. In addition, the kinetic study shows R² = 0.9833 pseudo-first-order reaction. NiFe₂O₄ prepared was reused for four cycles with 80%, 75%, 75%, and 60% efficiency in COD removal and 100% color removal with 0.8 g, 0.7 g, 0.7 g, and 0.6 g catalyst recovery rates. Characterization results show that NiFe₂O₄ gives the best result with 85% COD removal, 100% color removal under UV photocatalytic reactor having a band gap of 1.8 Eg (eV), XRD 311 plane JCPDS 98-018-2237 pure NiFe₂O₄ catalyst formed with high magnetic property 22.22 emu/g for recovery from water for next cycle.

Keywords: Photocatalysis; Sunlight; UV-photocatalytic reactor; NiFe2O4; Reactive milling; Reactive turquoise blue dye

Full paper is available at www.springerlink.com.

DOI: 10.1007/s11696-024-03362-0

Chemical Papers 78 (6) 3919–3938 (2024)