ISSN print edition: 0366-6352 ISSN electronic edition: 1336-9075 Registr. No.: MK SR 9/7 Published monthly

In situ formation of an adsorbent using a mixture of ibuprofen and choline chloride for the extraction of Cu(II) and Cd(II) ions from water and fruit juice samples combined with dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction

Zahra Shakourzadeh, Saeed Mohammad Sorouraddin, Mir Ali Farajzadeh, and Ali Akbar Fathi

Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran

E-mail: saied_sorour@yahoo.com

Received: 1 December 2023  Accepted: 28 April 2024

Abstract:

In this study, a simple, fast, green, and efficient extraction procedure based on a using of mixture of ibuprofen and choline chloride was developed to extract trace amounts of Cu(II) and Cd(II) ions from water and fruit juice samples. For this purpose, first, appropriate amounts of ibuprofen and choline chloride were mixed and after heating, a homogeneous liquid mixture was formed. The synthesized hydrophobic mixture was used to prepare an adsorbent for the extraction of the analytes from the samples. Then extracted analytes were enriched by a dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction method before their determination by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. To achieve the best possible results, the effect of various parameters on the extraction recoveries of the analytes was investigated. Under optimal experimental conditions, linear ranges of the calibration curves were in the ranges of 2.5–100 μg L⁻¹ for Cd(II) and 0.50–75 μg L⁻¹ for Cu(II). The obtained relative standard deviations (n = 6, C = 10 and 25 μg L⁻¹ of each cation) were in the ranges of 2.5–4.2%. Limits of quantifications of 0.50 and 2.5 µg L⁻¹ were obtained for Cu(II) and Cd(II), respectively. Finally, the proposed method was successfully used for the determination of Cu(II) and Cd(II) ions in various water and fruit juice samples by providing high extraction recoveries in the range of 94–97% for Cu(II) and Cd(II), respectively.

Keywords: Dispersive microsolid phase extraction; Dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction; Heavy metals; Water and fruit juice samples

Full paper is available at www.springerlink.com.

DOI: 10.1007/s11696-024-03491-6

Chemical Papers 78 (9) 5501–5512 (2024)