ISSN print edition: 0366-6352 ISSN electronic edition: 1336-9075 Registr. No.: MK SR 9/7 Published monthly

Homogeneous solvent-based microextraction method (HSBME) using a task-specific ionic liquid and its application to the spectrophotometric determination of fluoxetine as pharmaceutical pollutant in real water and urine samples

Mehdi Hosseini, Aram Rezaei, and Mousa Soleymani

Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Ayatollah Boroujerdi University, Boroujerd, Iran

E-mail: Hosseini.mih@gmail.com

Received: 29 May 2024  Accepted: 16 August 2024

Abstract:

A homogeneous solvent-based microextraction (HSBME) method based on the use of a task-specific pyridinium-based ionic liquid (TSIL) was described, and its application for preconcentration prior to the determination of fluoxetine in real water, tablet and urine samples was evaluated. To demonstrate this, an ionic liquid of [1-(2-hydroxy-3-(isopropylamino)propyl)pyridinium chloride], abbreviated SIL/Cl, was firstly synthesized, characterized using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (¹HNMR) and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) techniques, and subsequently used for the determination of fluoxetine. In this method, SIL/Cl is initially completely miscible in aqueous phase, forming a homogeneous system in the aqueous phase containing fluoxetine, ensuring there are no boundaries between fluoxetine and the extracting agent (SIL/Cl). The parameters affecting microextraction procedure were studied and optimized. Under optimal conditions, the following parameters were obtained: a limits of detection (LOD) of 2.35 µg/L, a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 7.84 µg/L, a linear dynamic range (LDR) of 5.0–250.0 µg/L, intra-day and inter-day relative standard deviations (RSDs) (n = 7, 50 µg/L) of 2.26% and 2.94%, preconcentration factor of 100 and enhancement factor of 73, respectively. Finally, to evaluate the method's ability to determine fluoxetine in several real samples, it was validated using the standard addition method, with recovery ranges from 98.0 to 103.0%.

Keywords: Custom IL; Drug residue; Eco-extraction; Fluoxetine spectroscopy; Pyridinium-IL

Full paper is available at www.springerlink.com.

DOI: 10.1007/s11696-024-03660-7

Chemical Papers 78 (15) 8195–8210 (2024)