Synthesis of graphene oxide hybrids for ruthenium complex immobilization and potential adsorbent characterizationDepartment of Machinery and Metal Technologies, Airbus-TUSAŞ Aviation Vocational School, Istiklal University, Kahramanmaraş, Turkey
E-mail: mustafabal46@gmail.com Received: 29 July 2025 Accepted: 15 November 2025 Abstract: This research focuses on the synthesis and detailed characterization of graphene-based hybrid materials designed for efficient Ruthenium (Ru) immobilization, showing potential use as high-capacity adsorbents and heterogeneous catalysts in environmental applications. Graphene oxide (GO) was synthesized from pristine graphite via the modified Hummers method using strong oxidants. Novel types of hybrid nanostructures were synthesized by covalently bonding aminobenzoic acid derivatives such as 4-aminobenzoic acid (BT01) and 3-aminobenzoic acid (BT02) to the synthesized GO matrix. The synthesized hybrids served as platforms for the immobilization of ruthenium (Ru) metal complexes with superior photophysical properties. The structural morphology, elemental composition, and functional group analyses of the synthesized BT01-Ru and BT02-Ru hybrid and complex structures were determined using advanced spectroscopic and microscopic techniques such as FTIR, UV-vis, XRD, SEM, EDX, and TEM. Comprehensive characterization of the synthesized materials reveals Ru-O stretching bands (616 and 630 cm− 1) in the FTIR spectrum and red shifts (315 nm in BT01→BT01-Ru, 340 nm in BT02→BT02-Ru) in the UV-vis spectra indicating electronic interactions. EDX analysis supports that the BT02-Ru complex (42.68% Ru) has a significantly higher Ru binding capacity than the BT01-Ru complex (27.65% Ru). Keywords: Graphene oxide; Aminobenzoic acid functionalization; Ruthenium immobilization; Adsorbent; Spectroscopic characterization Full paper is available at www.springerlink.com. DOI: 10.1007/s11696-025-04534-2
Chemical Papers 80 (3) 2599–2614 (2026) |
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