ISSN print edition: 0366-6352 ISSN electronic edition: 1336-9075 Registr. No.: MK SR 9/7 Published monthly

Development of carbon-based sensors for electrochemical quantification of vitamins B₂ and B₆ at nanomolar levels

Bülent Zeybek and Ahmet Üğe

Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science, Kütahya Dumlupınar University, Kütahya, Turkey

E-mail: bzeybek43@hotmail.com

Received: 29 July 2020  Accepted: 8 October 2020

Abstract:

Abstract

Two platforms have been developed that can be easily prepared for voltammetric analysis of vitamins B₂ (VB₂, riboflavin) and B₆ (VB₆, pyridoxine), which are very important for our health. The first platform was prepared by electrochemically reduction of graphene oxide on the glassy carbon electrode (GCE), while the second platform was prepared by the electrochemical deposition of functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (f-MWCNTs) on the electrode. The prepared f-MWCNTs and electrochemically reduced graphene oxide (ERGO) modified electrodes (GCE/f-MWCNTs and GCE/ERGO) were characterized by field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and various electrochemical techniques. Electrochemical determination of the VB₂ and VB₆ was performed by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), which is extensively preferred for quantitative assay. Compared with many modified electrodes in previous studies, and bare GCE, these electrodes revealed the high electrocatalytic performance for detecting VB₂ and VB₆. Linear range for the VB₂ was determined to be 0.004–1.0 µmol L⁻¹ with detection limit (DL) of 1.0 nmol L⁻¹ at the GCE/f-MWCNTs electrode and 0.100–40 µmol L⁻¹ with DL of 16 nmol L⁻¹ at the GCE/ERGO electrode. A linear relation of the VB₆ oxidation response for the GCE/f-MWCNTs and GCE/ERGO electrodes was observed in the interval of 8.0–1000 µmol L⁻¹ with DL of 2.8 nmol L⁻¹ and 20–1000 µmol L⁻¹ with DL of 14 nmol L⁻¹, respectively. The feasibility study of the developed sensors was investigated by detecting VB₆ and VB₂ in commercially available ampoule and tablet samples. Moreover, these sensors showed the wide linear range, good selectivity ability, reproducibility, and repeatability.

Graphic abstract

Keywords: Graphene oxide; Riboflavin; Pyridoxine; Multi-walled carbon nanotubes

Full paper is available at www.springerlink.com.

DOI: 10.1007/s11696-020-01387-9

Chemical Papers 75 (4) 1323–1339 (2021)