ISSN print edition: 0366-6352 ISSN electronic edition: 1336-9075 Registr. No.: MK SR 9/7 Published monthly

α-Glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory potential of main compounds and drug candidates from Elaeagnus rhamnoides (L.) A. Nelson

Hafize Yuca, Hilal Özbek, L. Ömür Demirezer, Handan G. Sevindik, Cavit Kazaz, and Zühal Güvenalp

Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey

E-mail: hafize.yuca@atauni.edu.tr

Received: 13 July 2021  Accepted: 24 September 2021

Abstract:

Elaeagnus rhamnoides (L.) A. Nelson (synonym: Hippophae rhamnoides) (Elaeagnaceae) is an important plant with multiple usages. The current study was laid on discovering the phytochemical profiling of E. rhamnoides leaves through antihyperglycemic and antioxidant effects. The ethyl acetate (IC₅₀ = 46.89 ± 2.18 µg/mL) and n-butanol extracts (IC₅₀ = 51.33 ± 2.53 µg/mL) possessed potent inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase enzyme as compared with standard compound, acarbose (IC₅₀ = 4212.62 ± 130.00 µg/mL). Seven compounds were isolated, and their structure was determined by 1D- and 2D-NMR. Isorhamnetin-3-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-7-O-α-l-rhamnopyranoside (1), isorhamnetin-7-O-α-l-rhamnopyranoside (2), isoquercitrin (3), narcissin (4), isorhamnetin-3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (5), arjunglucoside I (6), and casuarinin (7) were isolated from n-butanol extract. All isolated compounds, especially arjunglucoside I (IC₅₀ = 1074 ± 32 µM) and casuarinin (IC₅₀ = 21 ± 2 µM), showed higher α-glucosidase inhibitory activity than acarbose (IC₅₀ = 6561 ± 207 µM). Casuarinin displayed powerful scavenging activity against to both ABTS radical with 2 ± 1 µM IC₅₀ value and DPPH radical with 14 ± 1 µM IC₅₀ value while IC₅₀ values of trolox and α-tocopherol were 31 ± 1 and 50 ± 1 µM against ABTS radical, and 67 ± 2 and 95 ± 3 µM against DPPH radical, respectively. Arjunglucoside I was isolated for first time from this species and Elaeagnaceae family. Preparations prepared from E. rhamnoides leaf extracts standardized via casuarinin and arjunglucoside I could be potential phytotherapeutics for diabetes mellitus.

Graphic abstract

Keywords: Elaeagnus rhamnoides; Elaeagnaceae; α-Glucosidase inhibition; Antioxidant activity; Arjunglucoside I; Casuarinin

Full paper is available at www.springerlink.com.

DOI: 10.1007/s11696-021-01904-4

Chemical Papers 76 (2) 913–922 (2022)